Border Collie
Herding Group (AKC/KC) · Great Britain (specifically the Anglo-Scottish border) — developed in the late 19th century as a premier livestock herder. · Medium
Also known as: Scottish Sheepdog
Breed Group
Herding Group (AKC/KC)
Size
Medium
Height
Males: 19-22 inches, Females: 18-21 inches at the shoulder.
Weight
30-55 lbs, with males typically being larger and heavier than females.
Life Expectancy
12-15 years
Origin
Great Britain (specifically the Anglo-Scottish border) — developed in the late 19th century as a premier livestock herder.
Energy Level
Very High — requires intense physical and mental stimulation to prevent destructive behavior.
Trainability
Highly Trainable — considered the most intelligent of all domestic dog breeds. They are quick learners but require a job to do.
Description
A well-balanced, athletic dog of medium size with a lithe but sturdy build. This breed is known for its intense 'eye' used to control sheep and its graceful, cat-like movement.
Key Features
Semi-erect or erect ears with highly mobile movement, 'keen' and intelligent expression, a bushy tail carried low, and the classic white-tipped tail.
Coat Type
The breed has two varieties: Rough (shown here) and Smooth. Both are dense, weather-resistant double coats. They are moderate shedders.
Coat Colors
Primarily black and white (as seen in the image). They also occur in blue merle, red and white, lilac, and tricolor. Usually features a white blaze on the face and a white ruff.
Temperament
Extremely intelligent, alert, energetic, and hardworking. They are famously loyal but can be reserved with strangers and may exhibit herding behaviors toward small children.
Good with Children
Good — generally positive with supervision, though their herding instinct may lead them to 'nip' at heels of running children.
Good with Other Dogs
Good — usually sociable but can be bossy or task-oriented rather than interested in social play.
Grooming Needs
Moderate — weekly brushing for the rough coat to prevent mats, more during seasonal shedding. Regular nail trims and ear cleaning are essential.
Exercise Requirements
Extremely High — at least 2 hours of daily activity including running, hiking, and mental puzzles or dog sports like agility and frisbee.
Health Considerations
Generally healthy; common issues include Hip Dysplasia, Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), and Epilepsy. Sensitivity to certain drugs (MDR1 gene) is also common.
Living Conditions
Not recommended for apartments unless the owner is extremely active outdoors. Ideally suited for large yards or working farms with plenty of space to run.
History & Origin
Descended from old droving and gathering dogs of Britain. All modern Border Collies can be traced back to a single dog named Old Hemp, born in 1893.
Interesting Facts
A Border Collie named Rico was the first dog to be documented with a vocabulary of over 200 words. They frequently sweep top spots in competitive agility and obedience trials.
Similar Breeds
Australian Shepherd (usually has a docked tail/bobtail), Shetland Sheepdog (much smaller), and Scotch Collie (heavier, longer muzzle).